Structure Of The Gettysburg Address - 899 Words

Abraham Lincoln was president of the United States and in office during the Civil War, during this war the North and South were at odds and much blood was shed. The Battle of Gettysburg was particularly gruesome, but none the less a major win for the Union. Immediately after the battle, Lincoln was invited to speak on behalf of all fallen soldiers and on the victory that the Union so desperately needed. The Gettysburg Address motivated the American people to persevere and continue fighting the Confederacy in order to free the slaves and make the country whole again. An address such as this one gave the broken down people of America new hope, a fire once again lit in their hearts to continue and push on. The Gettysburg Address not only†¦show more content†¦Not only did this device provoke sympathy from the citizens, but it also rekindled their want to fight and persevere for those who do not have a voice and for those who lost their lives protecting the belief that all men ar e equal. It is clear that Lincoln is using this device when he states, â€Å" A final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live†. A touching statement such as this one appeals to the human side of the audience members, thus causing them to feel as if it is their duty to continue with high spirits in such a treacherous war. Another rhetorical device employed by Lincoln is his use of inclusive language. For instance, the continuous utilization of the word â€Å"we†, was no mistake. This is meant to create a sense of unity and camaraderie between all people in the United States, not just the Confederacy or the Union. In order to sufficiently motivate and uplift the American people Lincoln used these persuasive techniques. One can obviously see how this has paid off by how highly regarded the speech still is over 150 years later. Lincoln not only uses pathos to ensure that his point is understood but he also uses the rhetorical device anaphora. Anaphora is the repetition of the same words or phrase at the beginning of a sentence. Evidence of anaphora can be seen in lines 9 and 10 of The Gettysburg Address, â€Å"we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow thisShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis of The Gettysburg Address Essay776 Words   |  4 Pages Four and a half months after the Union defeated the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg, Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863. He gave the Union soldiers a new perspective on the war and something to fight for. Before the address, the Civil War was based solely on states’ rights. Lincoln’s speech has the essence of America and the ideals that were put into the Declaration of Independence by the founders. The sixteenth president of the UnitedRead MoreGettysburg Address Rhetoric al Analysis Essay examples889 Words   |  4 PagesFour and a half months after the Union defeated the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg, Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863. He gave the Union soldiers a new perspective on the war and a reason to fight in the Civil War. Before the address, the Civil War was based on states’ rights. Lincoln’s speech has the essence of America and the ideals that were instilled in the Declaration of Independence by the Founders. The sixteenth president of the United States wasRead MoreGettysburg the Speech1357 Words   |  6 Pages[Date] The Gettysburg Address Introduction Gettysburg Address is one of the important dictations of values that provided much needed direction for the future leadership of the United States. It shaped the societal values and beliefs of the country. This assertion can be affirmed with the speech s enduring presence in the US culture. Notwithstanding its noticeable place cut into stone units on the south divider of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., the Gettysburg Address is every nowRead MoreAnalysis of The Gettysburg Address Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of The Gettysburg Address In the early days of the United States, loyalty to one’s state often took precedence over loyalty to one’s country. The Union was considered a â€Å"voluntary compact entered into by independent, sovereign states† for as long as it served their purpose to be so joined (Encarta). Neither the North nor South had any strong sense permanence of the Union. As patterns of living diverged between North and South, their political ideas also developed marked differencesRead MoreLincoln Speech Analysis1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe persuasion scenario our group choose to observe is the events that happen in United States of America in 19th century. It’s the President Abraham Lincoln famous Gettysburg address. One of the main points for Lincoln when he giving this speech is to persuade both union and confederate (two different sides during the civil war) citizens to come join together to create the new equal and justice United States. This persuasion speech made me known why many people saw him as the great man. He did notRead MoreWhat Makes A Great Speech So Memorable?1091 Words   |  5 Pagestwo famous speeches from the last 200 years, The Gettysburg Address and Eulogy for Princess Diana, and the rhetorical techniques used within to portray their messages. As stated by Nathaniel Hawthorne, ‘Words – so innocent and powerless as they are†¦,how potent for good and evil they become in the hands of one who knows how to combine them.’ To this day, perhaps one of the most famous and powerful speeches is Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. Similarly, Earl Spencer’s Eulogy for Princess DianaRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg : Why Was It A Turning Point?1361 Words   |  6 Pagesof Gettysburg: Why Was It a Turning Point? â€Å"Death created the modern American union, not just by ensuring national survival, but by shaping enduring national structures and commitments. The work of death was Civil War America s most fundamental and most demanding undertaking†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Drew Gilpin Faust. Death in the Civil War was indeed a principle in creating the America we know and love today. This was the bloodiest war in United States military history. Within the war was the Battle of Gettysburg, aRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And His Impact On The World1131 Words   |  5 PagesMississippi River. In 1863, Robert E. Lee s Confederate attack north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg. Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grant s command of all Union armies in 1864. The last significant battles raged around the Siege of Petersburg. Lee s escape attempt ended with his surrender at Appomattox Court House. Another event that Lincoln is known for is his presentation of the Gettysburg Address, this speech is one of the most remember and respected speeches know in american history.Read MoreA Comparison of Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech and Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address498 Words   |  2 Pagesbackgrounds and different times with one common goal, equality for all. The Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Gettysburg Address† and Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† both address the oppression of the African-Americans in their cultures. Though one hundred years and three wars divide the two documents, they draw astonishing parallels in they purposes and their techniques. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the bloody war between the states in favor of the north. The battleRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : America s Political Philosophy And Its Way Of Life Essay1755 Words   |  8 Pagesoriginally expressed directly, are the logical extension of it’s philosophy. Lastly, I will be talking about the Declaration’s place in the history of our nation and the manner in which it was reinvigorated as a founding document in Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. The Enlightenment was a primary influence on Thomas Jefferson and the other founding fathers. It was the culmination of a long process in Western Civilization, away from dominance of the Catholic Church, the idea of the divine right of Kings

1 Introduction. This Literature Review Contributes To The

1 Introduction This literature review contributes to the activities of the coaching process in ‘EXT 8888’ Medical Device Company by reviewing current good practice in coaching and will cover the following: Background and development of coaching, key areas of coaching, coaching methodologies, coaching models, coaching and leadership development, best practice in the areas of workplace coaching. The output of this review will examine the relevance of coaching in the context of people development and will contribute to the knowledge of how to achieve a uniform approach to Team Leader development within EXT 8888 Cork by using coaching techniques and the development of a coaching plan. 2 Context Since 2010, coaching has been cited in several†¦show more content†¦Coaching is one of the strategies that will assist the company to attract and retain talent of those staff who play critical roles in the organisation and who possess skills sets vital to organisational operations and performance. 3 What Is Coaching Defining coaching is not a straightforward exercise. For the purposes of this review we have identified the main definitions to offer an overview of coaching theory, models and practice most pertinent to the manufacturing industry. The term coaching comes from an old Anglo-Saxon word meaning carriage, in other words, something that takes you from where you are now to where you want to be. Kennedy (Kennedy, 2009) lists the following definitions †¢ The art of facilitating the performance, learning and development of another †¢ Unlocking a person’s potential to maximize their own performance †¢ Closing the gap between thinking about doing and doing †¢ Coaching is about performing at your best through the individual and private assistance of someone who will challenge, stimulate and guide you to keep growing. †¢ Coaching is about getting results and helping clients understand their way of generating problems. Coaching assists a client in defining what they want, removing obstacles, setting goals, and striving for balance and fulfilment. Coaching is recognised as an effective organisational development tool which has solid foundations in psychology, philosophy and education and derives many of its principles and practicesShow MoreRelatedConstruction Industry : Statistics And Policy1344 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 1 introduction The construction industry is a major contributor to the UK and the world in general’s economies as a whole. In 2012 in the UK alone the gross value added was  £83 Billion accounting for 6% of the total economy for the UK according to the paper produced by Chris Rhodes for the House of Commons titled Construction Industry: statistics and policy. (1) Due to the scale of the contribution the construction industry makes to the economy it has been the focus of various reports andRead MoreFactors Affecting The Stress Experienced By Tertiary Students Essay1037 Words   |  5 Pages1. In your own words, explain what your research question really means. I am aiming to decipher the factors that contribute to the stress experienced by tertiary students. There are multiple factors in society that are said to constrain the life of a student or make it more difficult, and I am interested to find out what these factors are and to what degree they cause stress in a student s life. 2. List the main keywords for your research question. Also find  synonyms for each of the keywords. AdolescentsRead MoreHow Effective Leadership Leads The Great Creativity And Innovation Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesFigures 3 List of tables 3 Chapter 1 Introduction and Background (1000words) 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Background to the study 4 1.3 The research problem 4 1.4 Rationale (reason for the study) 4 1.5 Aims and objectives of the study 4 1.6 Research questions 4 1.7 The relevance of the study 4 1.8 Structure of the dissertation 5 Chapter 2 Literature review (3500words) 5 2.1. Introduction 5 2.2. Conclusion 5 Chapter 3 Research methods (1500 words) 5 3.1 Introduction 5 3.2 Research purpose 5 3.3 The researchRead MoreHow to prepare a good research proposal1552 Words   |  7 Pagesyour topic fits with the granting organization s mission and to mimic their title/proposal structure Abstract/summary statement of the research project: This one page summary focuses on the research topic, its new, current and relevant aspects. Strive for clarity; your greatest challenge might be narrowing the topic Review of research literature A short and precise overview about the current state of research that is immediately connected with your research project. Reference the most importantRead MoreWhat Are Subdivided Flat? Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesstatistic shows that the environment of subdivided flats hinder and worsen the play experience of child. 1.1.1 Research Context The research focuses on the understanding and improving interactive play experience of children in subdivided flats. This research is cross-disciplinary which the main subjects are design for play and theories of child development. 1.1.2 Theories of Play and Child Development â€Å"Play is an essential play of children development which includes physical, mental, intellectualRead MoreResource Based View of Social Entrepreneurship: Puting the Pieces Together813 Words   |  3 Pages INTRODUCTION The emerging field of social entrepreneurship calls for a need for new integrated theories to contribute to the discipline and help grow the field. Social Entrepreneurship has been a topic of academic interest for the past few decades; however there has been little scholarly output in mainstream journals (Short, Moss, Lumpkin 2009). Social entrepreneurship is commonly defined as â€Å"entrepreneurial activity with an embeddedRead MoreEffects Of Insulin Medication Errors On New Grad Nurses783 Words   |  4 PagesTittle of research Proposal Impact of Insulin Medication Errors on New Grad Nurses; Review on available support Introduction Exploration of the concept of Medication Administration errors (MAEs) especially regarding Insulin and what contributes to New Grad Nurses (NGN’s) becoming second victims, and the impact of it on and its effects on their nursing. Nearly 1 in 3 hospitals that have patients with diabetes are affected by Medication Errors (National Diabetes Inpatient Audit, 2012). ControllingRead MoreTerrorism Is Very Real For Mnes Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pagespractice. The research question addressed by this exploratory study is how international businesses apply past terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational preparedness and performance resilience to absorb and endure future terrorist attacks. This paper contributes to the international business literature by addressing a gap in the literature how firms can prepare for and respond to terrorism. The study contributes to a theory of organizational resilienceRead MoreAdolescent Attitudes Toward Mental Illness Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesPSY102 Foundations of Psychology Assessment 1: Evaluation of Report (Adolescents’ attitudes towards mental illness; Relationship between components and sex differences) â€Æ' Q1 Read Burton page 87/89 and evaluate the introductory paragraph of the article. How does the opening paragraph in Norman and Malla (1983) differ from the guidelines illustrated in Burton? There are distinct differences within the Norman and Malla article with regard to both structure and detail when compared to the guidelineRead MoreProject Management Msc. 7Pjmn009W Project Management Project.1391 Words   |  6 Pages2017 Version: 1.1 Project type: Academic Preferred Supervisor: Proposed Title: How does the use of formal project management methodologies in complex Home Automation projects contribute to project success? Main Deliverables/Milestones: Deliverable Date Project Mandate 09 March 2017 Project Brief: In depth literature review of formal project management methodologies and project success. Background research of the Home Automation industry, theory and concepts of complex projects. Philosophy and rationale

Environmental Issues of Pakistan Free Essays

Serious risks of irreversible damages are present due to air and water pollution, mismanagement of solid waste and destruction of fragile ecosystems. With an estimated 37 percent of its population living in cities, Pakistan is the highly urbanized country in South Asia. Its cities continue to grow, offering employment opportunities, but rapid urbanization has been accompanied by environmental problems such as pollution, waste management, congestion and the destruction of fragile ecosystems. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Issues of Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Urban air pollution remains one of the most significant environmental problems, facing the cities. We can look into every environment problem one by one and understand that how is it affecting the country and think of the ways in order to reduce the threats it causes to our society. Air Pollution Air is the most essential need of humans but really unfortunately air is more polluted than others all today in the country. Smokes coming out from factories, industries, homes and vehicles are causing of air pollution. I would say that one of the most alarming situation for Pakistan that with the passage of time manufacturing industries are increasing even in residential areas. The smokes of anufacturer industries are causing of air pollution because of its dangerous gases. These deadly gases are so much dangerous for human health. Chemical reactions can also be harmful for humans and as well as for nature such as when sulfuric acid mix with water that help to make clouds and when rain’s drops fall down it effect humans, trees animals etc. Rapidly growing energy demand, fuel substitution such as high emitting coal and oil, and high-energy intensity are the key factors contributing to air pollution. Some factors contributing to high-energy intensity are transmission nd distribution losses in power generation, fuel prices subsidies on diesel and ageing vehicles, which are primarily diesel powered. Pakistan was ranked as 3rd most air polluted country in 2012. The annual mean PMIO 198 ug per cubic meter. Pakistan Clean Air Network (PCAN) was established in 2005 and is hosted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IIJCN). Under an agreement with ADB in 2005, IUCN, a non-city member of Clean Air Asia, helped establish PCAN and serves as its secretariat. PCAN aims to address air quality issues in Pakistan and promote etter air quality management (AQM) practices in urban centers. The approach includes awareness raising, capacity building and provision of a broad knowledge base for AQM. Among the key achievements of the network is the establishment of Clean Air Coordination Committees for Karachi and Peshawar as well as initiating efforts to establish a policy roadmap for upgrading fuel quality for motor vehicles. As a single person we can play an important role in decreasing air pollution in the country. When possible, walk, bike, carpool or use mass transit. Avoid driving on high ozone days and during peak traffic . Don’t fill your gas tank on high ozone days, and try to refuel after dark. Also, dont overfill or â€Å"top-off’ your gas tank, as fumes can escape. Make your voice heard concerning mass transit and highway development. Get involved in local transportation planning boards or agencies to steer land use toward smart growth choices. Conserve energy to reduce the demand for power plants to produce more electricity by insulating your walls and ceilings, choosing energy-efficient home appliances, and using energy-efficient compact fluorescent light bulbs. Run your washer, drier or dishwasher only when full . Jse a fan and open windows instead of air conditioning in warm weather. Plant trees near your home to provide cooling shade . Avoid using gas-powered lawn mowers or other gardening equipment, especially on high ozone days. Instead, use electric mowers. Many utilities offer â€Å"green† energy options for their customers. As an electricity consumer, research and choose â€Å"green† energy options for your home. Water Pollution Water is essential for the survival of all living things. Without water, humans would die in a few days, crops would not grow and food would run short. In Pakistan, due to he increase in population, per-capital water resources estimated at the time of Partition at 5000m3/year are expected to fall below 1000m3/year in the near future. Pakistan will shortly become a water- stressed country. It is crucial, therefore, to water itself. The health and economic effects of polluted water are well-documented. It leads to illness, ailment and even death. Mortality and morbidity impose costs on individuals and families which, above the direct costs of treatment and medicine, may include loss of earning and impaired productivity. The Supreme Court of Pakistan has declared, not only that the fundamental right to life includes a clean and healthy environment, but that access to unpolluted water is the right of every person wherever he lives. The Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, which launched its National Water Quality Monitoring Program in 2001, documents the water quality situation throughout Pakistan and submitted its fifth and final Report in 2007. The report examines the water quality of 357 samples taken from 23 major cities, eight rivers, six dams, four lakes, two canals and one reservoir to analyse ontaminants against an array of quality standards. Every major city reported unsafe drinking water. None of the water sources tested in Bahawalpur, Kasur, Multan, Lahore, Sheikhupura and Ziarat was safe for drinking purposes. All of the 22 surface water bodies evaluated in the report were found to be contaminated with coli forms and E. Coli; 73 per cent had a high level of turbidity, three had high concentrations of irons and 27 per cent showed excessive concentrations of iron and fluoride. Approximately, 60 per cent of Pakistanis get their drinking water from hand or motor umps (in rural areas, this figure is over 70 per cent). It is estimated that as many as 40 million Pakistanis depend on the supply of irrigation water for their domestic use. How to cite Environmental Issues of Pakistan, Papers

Law of Contract Westphalia Marts Pty Ltd

Question: Define the Law of Contract for Westphalia Marts Pty Ltd. Answer: 1: on the basis of the facts that have been given for this question, the question arises if the advertisement that has been issued by Mojo Beverage can be enforced by the law and if the promise that was made by Mojo in the advertisement to give $100,000 to the person who catches Lord Harry, a fish tagged and released in the lake, can be enforced by Ben. The reason is that Ben caught the fish but later on he found that there was an error in the advertisement and the company had the intention of giving a prize of $1000. For deciding the issue that has arisen in this case, it is required to be decided if the advertisement that was issued by Mojo Beverage can be treated as an offer or was it only an invitation to treat. The reason is that a significant difference is present between offer and an invitation to treat. According to this difference, when an offer is accepted, a legally enforceable contract is created between the parties. But an invitation to treat is not capable of being accepted by the other party for the formation of a contract. Usually, it has been seen that there is a lot of puffery in case of the advertisements (Brownsword, 2000). Generally, it is established to verify the claims that are made in the advertisements and the result is that they're not treated as offers under the contract law. But there was a significant change in this position after the decision given in Carlill v Carbolic Smokeball Company (1892). The company has issued an advertisement according to which, a reward of 100 will be paid to any person who contracted influenza even after using the smokeballs of the company. The company also deposited an amount of 1000 in the bank for the purpose of showing its seriousness. After reading about the offer, Mrs. Carlill used the smokeballs as directly by the company but she still contracted influenza. But then she made a claim for the prize money as mentioned by the company in its advertisement, the company refused. According to the defendant company, the advertisement issued by them was not an offer and therefore the plaintiff could not accept it resulting in a contract. The company claimed that the advertisement was only an invitation to treat. However this contention of the defendant was rejected by the court and it was decided that a contract has been formed. The court rejected the argument of the defendant according to which, it was a contract with the whole world and it is not possible to create a contract with the whole world. The court stated tha t the contract was not with the whole world, however the offer has been made to the whole world but the contract was formed only with the persons who satisfied the conditions of the offer. When the above-mentioned case law is applied to the facts of this case, it can be decided that in the present case, the advertisement of Mojo Beverage can be treated as an offer although it has been made to the whole world. This offer provided that a contract will be formed within a person who was successful in catching a fish that has been tagged by the company. Ben was also aware of this offer. After some time of the issue of this advertisement, there were rumors that the company intended to give a prize of $1000 but erroneously, the amount has been mentioned as $100,000. The rumors regarding the prize money were true but before Ben could know regarding this mistake, he had already caught the fish, Lord Harry. The result is that the requirements I are necessary for the formation of a valid contract are completed. The offer has been made in the form of the advertisement issued by the company, although the offer has been made to the whole world. This offer can only be accepted by the person who was successful in catching the fish. Therefore, as Ben had been successful in fulfilling this condition, a legally enforceable contract has been created and Mojo Beverage has to pay the amount mentioned by them in the advertisement. 2: The issue in this question is if the letter that was sent by Dorper Sheep Sellers Pty Ltd can be treated as an offer that could be accepted by Livestock Brokers and moreover, if Livestock Brokers can accept this offer after the expiry of six months. Usually the formation of a contract is based on an offer and its acceptance. It is required that an offer should be made by one party and the same should be accepted by the party to whom the offer has been made. This results in the formation of a legally enforceable contract. But in this context, the difference that exists between an offer and invitation to treat is also very significant. According to the law of contract, for the purpose of being treated as an offer, it needs to be proved that the party that had made the offer, also had the intention of being bound by it (Burrows and Peel, eds. 2003). For example in Harvey v Facey (1893), Harvey wrote a telegram to Facey and asked if he was willing to sell Bumper Hall Pen. He was told to telegram the lowest cash price. Facey send a telegram in reply and mentioned that the lowest cash price for Bumper Hall Pen will be 900. Harvey sent a reply and stated that they had accepted the price of 900. Facey claimed that no contract has been c reated between the parties. While deciding this case, the decision of the Privy Council was that there was no contract between the parties. The reason given in support of this decision was that Facey had not given a direct answer to the first question asked in the telegram if they were going to sell Bumper Hall Pen. The result was that the lowest price mentioned in the telegram was only in response to the request for information. Consequently, the court stated that it cannot be treated as an offer. There was no evidence that Facey had the intention that the reply sent by them was an offer. Similarly, according to the law of contract, the party making the offer can withdraw it at any time, before the same has been accepted (Harris and Tallon, eds 1989). This was stated in Dickinson v Dodds (1876). In the same way, if a particular deadline has not been set for accepting the offer, the offer will not be available after a reasonable period has expired. For this purpose, the reasonable period within which the offer can be accepted depends on the subject matter of the contract. In this case, the offer was not accepted by Livestock Brokers within a reasonable time. Similarly, instead of accepting the offer, Livestock Brokers asked if the sale can be financed according to the usual terms. But to this letter, no reply was given by Dorper Sheep Sellers Pty Ltd. But later on, after six months, Livestock Brokers sent a telegram to Dorper Sheep Sellers and mentioned their acceptance of the offer. However by that time, Dorper Sheep had already sold the flock of sheep to some other buyer. The result is that in this case, it has not been established that the letter written by Dorper Sheep was not an offer. On the other hand, Livestock Brokers had not sent their acceptance. In its place, they asked if the sale can be completed on usual terms. This does not amount to a valid acceptance. Moreover, after six months they have decided to accept the offer. Consequently, it can be decided that in this case, a contract has not been formed between Livestock Brokers and Dorper Sheep Sellers. The reason is that in this case, the elements that are required for the formation of a valid contract, offer and acceptance are not present. (b) On the other hand if it is assumed that Livestock had accepted the offer on 14 June and they also sent the fax containing the acceptance but due to some transmission error, this fax was not received by Dorper. But it needs to be noted that the postal rule of acceptance does not apply to the communications sent to instantaneous modes of communication. While the postal rule provides that when post is contemplated as the means of communicating acceptance, it is complete as soon as the letter is placed in the mailbox. But in this case this rule is not applicable. Therefore, the general rule applies according to which in order to be effective, acceptance has to be communicated to the other party. 3: The facts of this question suggests that the issue that has to be decided is if the part payment of a debt can act as a consideration to support the promise relinquished the rest of the amount. For deciding this issue, the role that was mentioned by the court in Pinnel's Case (1602) has to be applied. This rule provides that the part payment of debt is not a good consideration to support the promise to forgo the balance (Atiyah, 1990). For example if A owes $50 to B and B decided to accept $25 as the full satisfaction of the debt on the due date, the law does not prevent B from claiming the rest of the amount later on. The reason is that in this case, A has not provided any consideration in return of the promise made by B. On the other hand, A was already bound to pay the full amount as per the contract between the parties (Stilk v Myrick, 1809). The reason behind this rule is to protect the creditors from economic duress by the debtors. The facts of Pinnel's Case also need to be discussed briefly. In this case, Cole owed 8.50 to Pinnel and this amount had to be paid on 11 November. But on a demand made by Pinnel, Cole paid 5.11 and Pinnel accepted this amount as the complete satisfaction of the debt. But Pinnel sued Cole for the remaining amount later on. The decision of the court was that the part payment made by Cole was not sufficient consideration. According to the court, the agreement between the parties to accept the part payment as complete will be binding if some fresh consideration has been supplied by the debtor. Therefore the position under the law contract is that in such a case, consideration may be supplied in case the creditor agreed to accept part payment on an earlier date, chattel instead of the money or the part payment to be given at a different place (Beatson, 2002). Even if the rule described by the court in Pinnel's case has been criticized as being somewhat harsh, however it represents the current law. Another case dealing with this issue is that of Foakes v Beer (1884). Mrs. Beers got a judgment from the courts against Dr. Foakes. He requested for some more time and it was decided that Mrs. Beers will not take any action if an amount of 500 was immediately paid by Foakes and the rest in installments of 150. Dr. Foakes during followed the agreement but the judgment debts also carried interest. Regarding interest on this amount, the decision of the House of Lords was that Mrs. Beers can recover the amount of 360 as interest. The court said that Foakes had not provided any conside ration in return of the promise made by Mrs. Beers to refrain from taking any further action. As a result, consideration was not present and the promise was not enforceable. In this case, Westphalia Marts Pty Ltd had made a promise that they will accept a reduced rent of $700 per week but in return for this promise, Stewart had not supplied any consideration. Therefore, Westphalia Marts Pty Ltd cannot be prevented from demanding the shortfall of $300 per week and also the whole rent in future. Therefore the promise of Westphalia Marts to accept reduced rental is not the enforceable for the lack of consideration. References Atiyah, P.S. 1990, Essays on Contract, Oxford University Press, New York Atiyah, P.S., 1995, Introduction to the Law of Contract, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press Beatson, J, 2002, Ansons Law of Contract, 28th Edition, Oxford University Press Benson, Peter (ed) 2001, The Theory of Contract Law: New Essays (Cambridge University Brownsword, R, 2000, Contract Law: Themes for the Twenty-First Century, (Butterworths, Burrows, A. and Peel, E eds. 2003, Commercial Remedies: Current Issues Problems, OUP Harris, D. and Tallon, D. eds 1989, Contract Law Today: Anglo-French Comparisons (Clarendon Press, Oxford London Press, Cambridge Case Law Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1892] EWCA Civ 1 Harvey v Facey [1893] UKPC 1 Foakes v Beer (1884) 9 App Cas 605 Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58 Pinnel's Case (1602) 5 CoRep 117a Dickinson v Dodds (1876) 2 Ch. D. 463